The overarching theme with these three learning methods being poor methods if treated as primary ones seems to be the ineffectiveness of passive learning. The alternatives you suggest, such as interrogative elaboration, free recall, spaced repetition, engaging in projects et cetera can be categorized as forms active learning. It is intruiging how the methods requiring *less* engagement are perceived as yielding better progress, even though we typically have the intuition that more effort means better results.
The overarching theme with these three learning methods being poor methods if treated as primary ones seems to be the ineffectiveness of passive learning. The alternatives you suggest, such as interrogative elaboration, free recall, spaced repetition, engaging in projects et cetera can be categorized as forms active learning. It is intruiging how the methods requiring *less* engagement are perceived as yielding better progress, even though we typically have the intuition that more effort means better results.
Exactly :) cognitive illusions are super interesting. One scientific article I mention often is this one: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41235-017-0087-y
There, the authors talk about these methods and why they work better than highlighting and rereading.